References

(1) Eli Lilly and Company, "General Information on Prozac," Prozac.com, 1999, <http://www.prozac.com/prozac/Main/AboutMain.jsp> (18 March 2000).
     World Health Organization, "World Health Report 1999: the growing burden of neuropsychiatric disorders," WHO Mental Health Bulletin, 1999, <http://www.whomsa.org/it/test4/01_whr99.html> (15 Oct. 1999).

(2) Peter R. Breggin and David Cohen, Your Drug May Be Your Problem (Reading, MA: Perseus, 1999).
     National Depressive and Manic-Depressive Association, "Most Patients Report Troublesome Side Effects, Modest Improvement Using Current Antidepression Treatments," 30 Nov. 1999, <http://www.ndmda.org/deptreat.htm> (6 Dec. 1999). Says: "In the online survey of 1,370 people treated for depression in the United States, fewer than one-third say they are very satisfied with the treatment of their disease."
     Ann Blake Tracy, Prozac: Panacea or Pandora (Salt Lake City, UT: Cassia, 1994).
     Elliot S. Valenstein, Blaming the Brain (New York: The Free Press, 1998).

(3) Carl Sherman, "Long-Term Side Effects Surface With SSRIs," Clinical Psychiatry News, 26.5 (1998): 1. Says: "Physicians are seeing long-term effects with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors far in excess of what was expected from clinical trial data...."
     Todd Zwillich, "Beware of Long-Term Effects of Antidepressants," Clinical Psychiatry News, 27.9 (1999): 16. Says: "Longer-term side effects can have a much more insidious onset and may be difficult to distinguish from depressive symptoms themselves...."

(4) Baum, Hedlund, Aristei, Guilford, and Downey, "Suicidality and Violence Time-Line," 1999, <http://bhagd.com/media/timeline.html> (15 July 1999). List of internal documents from Eli Lilly and Company, presented in court, showing that Lilly knew about the potential for Prozac-induced suicidality and violence before the drug was approved for marketing in the United States.
     Sarah Boseley, "Revealed: the danger of taking Prozac," The Guardian, 4 Sep. 1999, <http://www.newsunlimited.co.uk> (7 Sep. 1999).
     Peter R. Breggin and Ginger Ross Breggin, Talking Back to Prozac (New York: St. Martin's, 1994). See chapter seven, "Can Prozac Cause Violence and Suicide."

(5) John Horgan, The Undiscovered Mind (New York: The Free Press, 1999). See chapter 4, "Prozac and Other Placebos."
     Irving Kirsch and Guy Sapirstein, "Listening to Prozac but Hearing Placebo: A Meta-Analysis of Antidepressant Medication," Prevention & Treatment, 26 June 1998, <http://journals.apa.org/prevention/volume1/pre0010002a.html> (26 Mar. 1999). Says: "The inactive placebos produced improvement that was 75% of the effect of the active drug. These data raise the possibility that the apparent drug effect (25% of the drug response) is actually an active placebo effect."
     Thomas J. Moore, "No Prescription for Happiness: Could it be that Antidepressants do little more than Placebos?" Boston Globe 17 Oct. 1999: E01.

(6) National Council on Disability, "From Privileges to Rights: People Labeled with Psychiatric Disabilities Speak for Themselves," 20 Jan. 2000, <http://www.ncd.gov/publications/privileges.html> (23 Jan. 2000).
     Prozac Survivors' Support Group, 2000, <http://www.pssg.org> (21 Jan. 2000).
     "Survivor's Stories," The International Coalition for Drug Awareness, 2000, <http://www.drugawareness.org/survivors.html> (21 Jan. 2000).

(7) Based on statistics from the National Instituted of Mental Health (NIMH). See: NIMH, "Women Hold Up Half the Sky," 9 July 1999, <http://www.nimh.nih.gov/publicat/womensoms.cfm> (15 Nov. 1999).

(8) Michael Kasdaglis, "Mental Health/Managed Care-HMOs," WebPsych, 16 May 1997, <http://cmhc.com/webpsych/0444.html> (14 Dec. 1999).
     Carl Sherman, "Don't Neglect Medical Illness In Depression," Clinical Psychiatry News, 27.3 (1999): 35. Says: "Even when a patient is severely ill, as many as one-third of psychiatrists fail to consider that depression may be substance induced or related to the medical condition...."
Joe Sharkey, Bedlam: Greed, Profiteering, and Fraud in a Mental Health System Gone Crazy (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1994).
     Robert M. Tenery, "Interactions Between Physicians and the Health Care Technology Industry," JAMA, 283 (2000). Says: "Inappropriate industry influence may be dangerous because it threatens to compromise physicians' judgment and prescribing patterns based on gifts or monetary incentives about which patients are completely unaware."
     Sydney Walker, III, A Dose of Sanity (New York: Wiley, 1996).
     Ashley Wazana, "Physicians and the Pharmaceutical Industry: Is a Gift Ever Just a Gift?" JAMA 283 (2000): 373-380. Says: "It has been estimated that $8000 to $13,000 is spent [by pharmaceutical companies] per year on each physician....[N]egative outcomes [were] associated with the interactions. These included an impact on knowledge (inability to identify wrong claims about medication), attitude (positive attitude toward pharmaceutical representatives; awareness, preference, and rapid prescription of new drug), and behavior (making formulary requests for medications that rarely held important advantages over existing ones; nonrational prescribing behavior; increasing prescription rate; prescribing fewer generic but more expensive, new medications at no demonstrated advantage.)"
     John Weeks, "Changing the Mainstream," Alt Health Watch, Dec. 1995, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com/ln.universe> (7 Dec. 1999). Says: "Sixty (60) percent of the 18,400 physicians attending events sponsored by the manufacturers of the antidepressant Effexor said they planned to start or increase their prescribing of the drug."
     Todd Zwillich, "SSRI Prescribing in Primary Care Draws Fire," Clinical Psychiatry News, 27.6 (1999): 34. Says: "Primary care physicians acting as gatekeepers in HMOs have been encouraged to treat potentially depressed patients rather than refer them to specialists."

(9) For example: The National Alliance for the Mentally Ill (NAMI), which calls itself "a grassroots organization of individuals with brain disorders and their family members," is a highly publicized and outspoken advocate of a pro-drug point of view that considers emotional disorders to be caused by biological abnormalities; but their motives are questionable considering that, as Mother Jones magazine reported, 18 drug firms gave NAMI a total of $11.72 million between 1996 and mid-1999. See: Ken Silverstein, "Prozac.org," Mother Jones, Nov.-Dec. 1999. Listening to Prozac, a pro-drug book by Peter D. Kramer, (New York: Penguin, 1993) was a best-seller for several weeks.

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